Fertility Drugs Essays -- Research Papers Pregnancy Conception Papers

Fruitfulness Drugs Most people are raised reasoning that in the end they will wed and have youngsters. What happens when two or three gets hitched and needs to have a youngster and discovers that after a few times of having unprotected sex there is no pregnancy? The finger is generally pointed at the lady yet at times it tends to be because of the man. In a lady's case, the issue is generally that she isn't ovulating typically and in a man's case he may have low sperm tally. These are the issues that are generally known about yet there are different elements that can cause fruitlessness. An on edge couple rapidly goes to science to attempt to discover an answer for their concern. Albeit taking richness drugs is the arrangement, it very well may be very arduous for the couple. The couple needs to submit to a passionate exciting ride , conceivable monetary difficulty, and an adoration life that sounds progressively like flexibly and request. A few couples get so tied up with imagining a youngster that th ey hate what they're doing yet rather do it on request. Their relationships are now and again threatened to the point of divorce.(p.16, Carr) there is a distinct connection among fruitlessness and security and satisfaction in marriagemore than one-portion of the couples who look for separate are childless and most of barren couples in the long run apply for divorce.(p.16, Carr) When a couple is attempting to consider they will frequently have sentiments of dissatisfaction and debilitation. As we see, settling on the choice of looking for help utilizing ripeness drugs necessitates that the two gatherings be steady of one another and truly cooperate to accomplish their objective. Somewhere in the range of 15 and 25 percent of all couples in the United States are barren. On the off chance that you've had unprotected sex for over a year (if... ...rinologist). (www.infertility.about.com) For an application, rundown of necessities, or essential data about the association you can visit http://www.fertilityfoundation.org In spite of the fact that this paper is long it doesn't give almost all the data accessible about fruitlessness. This paper can be viewed as apparatus. There's no doubt as far as I can say that taking richness drugs is an extremely critical choice. What I gained from this exploration is that numerous excited guardians put their own wellbeing in danger so as to have an infant. By and large, achievement relies upon each case separately and on the seriousness of your condition and age. Book index About, The Human Internet. http://www.infertility.about.com . (17 May 2001) Infant Center, Cradle what not. http://www.babycenter.com . (17 May 2001) Carr, Delta Genevieve. Prolific and Infertile Marriages. Xerox University Microfilms: USA, 1975.

Police Discretion Essay

Attentiveness is one of the apparatuses utilized by cops carefulness that permits them to adjust to changing conditions in the public eye. This fundamental part of his position causes the official to reasonably and evenhandedly apply and implement the laws he has vowed to maintain. Utilizing Discretion sooner or later in their lives, everybody utilizes circumspection at once or another. On account of the cop, in any case, carefulness is a significant aptitude utilized in the exhibition of each part of his activity work. At the point when an official keeps an individual under any circumstances, he should have the option to qualify and legitimize his thinking for the stop. On the off chance that he can't do as such, he may get himself in a clumsy circumstance lawfully, however possibly a hazardous one. Officials utilize proficient tact in a horde of ways, from the more commonplace; pulling a vehicle over on the grounds that an official watched a driver showing dubious conduct to entering a home without a warrant because of urgent conditions. In any case, there must be an approach basically to control self-assertive caution. Carefulness leveled out Controlling prudence should begin some time before the recruiting procedure starts. The most reasonable strategy would be a twofold pronged test. The principal assessment would be a formal, normalized, mental test caught up with an oral survey of explicit circumstances that an official may stumble into every day. When an up-and-comer is recruited, pretending would be the following consistent road to follow to sharpen and keep up an officer’s capacities to deal with a wide assortment of circumstances. Another option for controlling watchfulness would be an agency’s utilization of mechanical gadgets to screen normal zones and create computerized authorization records. Photograph radar, red light cameras and summed up video reconnaissance are three instances of such measures. This might be a reasonable choice for fulfilling the network and ensuring that all laws are upheld liberated from inclination or supposition. Utilizing these techniques, every single appropriate law and approaches are followed and separation is kept to a base. Full Enforcement: Smoke and Mirrors Society is under the feeling that cops are in consistence with the total, one-sided authorization all things considered. This legendary part of policing accomplishes more damage than anything else by and large since this bogus impression can prompt sentiments of separation or abuse. The truth is that cops have impressive, albeit informal, scope in their dynamic procedure for everyday activities. â€Å"Officers are paid to settle on specific choices through a crystal of their preparation, experience and totality of the conditions. (Petrocelli, 2007) Cops are permitted to veer from full authorization for various reasons and in a wide range of habits. Be that as it may, the law and departmental approach must set cutoff points on the sum and degree of circumspection with respect to the officials. With that in mind, various situations can be inspected and the ramifications of an officer’s judgment can be seen. Activities and Reactions Here are a few instances of activities and responses that can influence, or are the outcome, of an officer’s exercise of his caution. With regards to the utilization of power, the police must exercise alert. For example, when an official winds up with a presume that he is sure beyond a shadow of a doubt knows the whereabouts of an abducted kid. After a touch of no-nonsense cross examination the suspect is as yet reluctant to give the area of the youngster. So as to get an admission, the official may feel he is defended in utilizing a lot of power in gaining this data. In any case, case law expresses this would be a preposterous technique for getting an admission, regardless of whether a child’s life was in question. Then again, when critical conditions happen, a cop is compelled to utilize his caution on the spot. A dispatched official shows up at the area of a manslaughter of a notable occupant. Rehashed bombed endeavors to contact the victim’s life partner at his living arrangement have made a need to keep moving among the officials to forestall any further superfluous death toll. For this situation, passage into the living arrangement without a warrant is advocated. (Dempsey and Forst, 2005) This situation drives us to another zone of optional activity: sensible doubt. On the off chance that an official watches an individual who has all the earmarks of being conveying a covered weapon, he is totally inside his power to direct a stop and search. In any case, the official must have something beyond a â€Å"gut feeling†, he should really have some motivation to accept that the individual has a weapon (e. g. an enormous lump in the rear of the shirt, the hold of a gun distending from a belt, and so on). The official can't simply arbitrarily stop a bystander in the city and search them just in light of the fact that he figures he may have a weapon. One normal misguided judgment is that all captures by cops necessitate that the suspect be educated with respect to their Miranda rights. Be that as it may, ‘Mirandizing’ a suspect isn't generally a compulsory technique. For instance, if a suspect has been captured and accused of a wrongdoing however not read his Miranda rights, the main difficulty this reasons for the police is that it blocks them from utilizing anything the speculate says as proof against the person in question in court. It is possible that an official has all that anyone could need proof to demonstrate his body of evidence against the guilty party and it is sensible for an official to forgo informing the person in question with respect to his privileges in such a case. (Nolo, n. . ) Be that as it may, should the police follow up on the data from non-Miranda proclamations or admission, any proof found, is considered ‘fruit of the noxious tree’ and is forbidden in court. In conclusion, the police can confront the issue of refusal of advice. During a custodial confinement cross examination, a presume demands a lawyer and the police advise the speculate that one will be given. In the event that the official proceeds with an ill-disposed discussion without the suspect’s legitimate guidance present, any data got in not permissible in court. Furthermore, when a suspect has mentioned a lawyer, the official should quickly stop the cross examination or they are disregarding the suspect’s social equality. End As we can see, the utilization of carefulness with respect to the police is a necessary an aspect of their responsibilities. Without watchfulness, the police would have no real option except to authorize a strategy of full authorization, which is probably going to bring about significant trouble among the networks. Control of optional conduct is imperative, nonetheless, to guarantee that separation is limited and the law is suitably implemented.

Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine

Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School When many people hear the words healthy routine they cringe at the thought of what surely must be mind-numbing repetition. The word ‘routine’ is a synonym for ‘normal,’ ‘boring,’ ‘unexciting.’ We don’t want to live boring, normal, unexciting lives. We want constant stimulation, novel experiences, originality and unpredictability. A life full of those things is a life well-lived, right? A healthy routine does not imply monotony There is an important difference between something being ‘routine’, and a routine. A healthy routine is something that helps keep you oriented and balanced throughout the day, and lets you plan and execute important tasks that allow you to succeed personally, professionally, and academically. If you find yourself wandering aimlessly through your university experience, and just can’t find a way to stay grounded, below are some of the reasons a good, strategic routine can help you do exactly that. Make time to exercise There is ample evidence to suggest that a variety of mental health conditions are directly linked (both positively and negatively) to exercise. The hippocampus is the area of your brain responsible for, among other things, regulating emotion. Research using animals has demonstrated that exercise leads to the creation of new neurons in this region of the brain, with similar research showing that many mental health conditions can be traced to reduced neurogenesis (i.e. slow, or a lack of new neuron formation) in that same area. If you are able to incorporate three or more 45-60 minute exercise sessions into your weekly routine, you tend to see the positive effects on your mental health after about 4 weeks. So a trip to the gym, or a run after class doesn’t even necessarily have to be something you do every day. An hour of exercise every other day is enough to help keep you mentally healthy, will contribute towards your physical well-being, and will provide you with energy and a sense of purpose to help keep you going throughout the week. Get into a proper sleep routine during the week It is hard to maintain a healthy sleep schedule throughout the week (especially on the weekends), and living life and having fun will require that you break that routine from time to time. All in all, college students require at least eight hours of sleep per day. That may seem laughable, given the demands of school, reading, writing, studying, work, family, significant others, and friends, but, at the end of the day, you must ultimately want to prioritize your sleep in order to get enough of it. There is a reason that athletes are very serious about getting adequate sleep (especially while training for a major competition), and why it is recommended that you sleep well before a big exam: your body needs sufficient sleep to function properly and optimally. Getting into a healthy sleep routine will require some initial sacrifice on your part. If you have an 8:30 a.m. class and you need to get up at 6:30 a.m. to wash, get dressed, eat breakfast, and commute realistically, you should be asleep by around 10:30 p.m. If you’re going to bed at 2:30 a.m. think about what you’re doing that is preventing you from getting to sleep earlier. Are you scrolling through social media for four hours, or is it because you got off work late? Make sleep a priority and your academic life will become easier. Schedule personal time Having and keeping to a schedule also means making time for free time. If you know you are going to be fully booked until Sunday, then make sure you dedicate Sunday to yourself. A routine, even one structured around your health and success, can become oppressive if you don’t find time to do things you really enjoy doing. If it’s video games on Sunday, then play video games on Sunday; if it’s recreational soccer on Wednesday evening, then play recreational soccer on Wednesday evening. By making scheduled time for yourself, you are also acknowledging that your other allotted time slots are for taking care of business. It is easier to allow yourself to be distracted by things that aren’t focused on academics (things meant to better you and set you up for future success) when you don’t have something keeping track of the personal time you’ve already set aside. When you’re reminded you’ve already had time to disconnect from school, you are less likely to keep seeking it out. Invest in a day timer (or similar app/software) Part of getting into a healthy routine is keeping track of that routine. If you have a visual reminder of what you have to do and when you have to do it, it makes keeping to schedule easier. If you like writing things out by hand, then an old-fashioned day timer might suit your needs. If you prefer having everything automated and tucked out of sight, then the innumerable scheduling and day planning apps that exist also come in handy. You can set up reminders and notifications throughout the day to keep you on track, making sure that you are respecting your routine and further ingraining it into your daily life. For a routine to become normal, you have to keep at it, and be willing to tough out the initial shock of living around a set of responsibilities and behaviours. Having a healthy routine does not mean turning yourself into a robot; it means optimizing your life for success. Keeping to a schedule, and having faith in your day-to-day, doesn’t make you an automaton, it makes you strategic. Life is about juggling responsibilities, and trying to do it as healthily as possible. If you are having trouble designing your life into a productive, healthy routine, and need some help lightening the academic load, contact Homework Help Global and let us assign one of our professional academic writers to your coursework. References: (2018). “Healthy Benefits of Having a Routine.” Northwestern Medicine. Retrieved from: health-benefits-of-having-a-routine Dement, W. (1997). “What All Undergraduates Should Know About How Their Sleeping Lives Affect Their Waking Lives.” Stanford University. Retrieved from: Gingell, S. (2018). “Why Exercise is so Essential for Mental Health.” Psychology Today. Retrieved from: why-exercise-is-so-essential-mental-health Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School When many people hear the words healthy routine they cringe at the thought of what surely must be mind-numbing repetition. The word ‘routine’ is a synonym for ‘normal,’ ‘boring,’ ‘unexciting.’ We don’t want to live boring, normal, unexciting lives. We want constant stimulation, novel experiences, originality and unpredictability. A life full of those things is a life well-lived, right? A healthy routine does not imply monotony There is an important difference between something being ‘routine’, and a routine. A healthy routine is something that helps keep you oriented and balanced throughout the day, and lets you plan and execute important tasks that allow you to succeed personally, professionally, and academically. If you find yourself wandering aimlessly through your university experience, and just can’t find a way to stay grounded, below are some of the reasons a good, strategic routine can help you do exactly that. Make time to exercise There is ample evidence to suggest that a variety of mental health conditions are directly linked (both positively and negatively) to exercise. The hippocampus is the area of your brain responsible for, among other things, regulating emotion. Research using animals has demonstrated that exercise leads to the creation of new neurons in this region of the brain, with similar research showing that many mental health conditions can be traced to reduced neurogenesis (i.e. slow, or a lack of new neuron formation) in that same area. If you are able to incorporate three or more 45-60 minute exercise sessions into your weekly routine, you tend to see the positive effects on your mental health after about 4 weeks. So a trip to the gym, or a run after class doesn’t even necessarily have to be something you do every day. An hour of exercise every other day is enough to help keep you mentally healthy, will contribute towards your physical well-being, and will provide you with energy and a sense of purpose to help keep you going throughout the week. Get into a proper sleep routine during the week It is hard to maintain a healthy sleep schedule throughout the week (especially on the weekends), and living life and having fun will require that you break that routine from time to time. All in all, college students require at least eight hours of sleep per day. That may seem laughable, given the demands of school, reading, writing, studying, work, family, significant others, and friends, but, at the end of the day, you must ultimately want to prioritize your sleep in order to get enough of it. There is a reason that athletes are very serious about getting adequate sleep (especially while training for a major competition), and why it is recommended that you sleep well before a big exam: your body needs sufficient sleep to function properly and optimally. Getting into a healthy sleep routine will require some initial sacrifice on your part. If you have an 8:30 a.m. class and you need to get up at 6:30 a.m. to wash, get dressed, eat breakfast, and commute realistically, you should be asleep by around 10:30 p.m. If you’re going to bed at 2:30 a.m. think about what you’re doing that is preventing you from getting to sleep earlier. Are you scrolling through social media for four hours, or is it because you got off work late? Make sleep a priority and your academic life will become easier. Schedule personal time Having and keeping to a schedule also means making time for free time. If you know you are going to be fully booked until Sunday, then make sure you dedicate Sunday to yourself. A routine, even one structured around your health and success, can become oppressive if you don’t find time to do things you really enjoy doing. If it’s video games on Sunday, then play video games on Sunday; if it’s recreational soccer on Wednesday evening, then play recreational soccer on Wednesday evening. By making scheduled time for yourself, you are also acknowledging that your other allotted time slots are for taking care of business. It is easier to allow yourself to be distracted by things that aren’t focused on academics (things meant to better you and set you up for future success) when you don’t have something keeping track of the personal time you’ve already set aside. When you’re reminded you’ve already had time to disconnect from school, you are less likely to keep seeking it out. Invest in a day timer (or similar app/software) Part of getting into a healthy routine is keeping track of that routine. If you have a visual reminder of what you have to do and when you have to do it, it makes keeping to schedule easier. If you like writing things out by hand, then an old-fashioned day timer might suit your needs. If you prefer having everything automated and tucked out of sight, then the innumerable scheduling and day planning apps that exist also come in handy. You can set up reminders and notifications throughout the day to keep you on track, making sure that you are respecting your routine and further ingraining it into your daily life. For a routine to become normal, you have to keep at it, and be willing to tough out the initial shock of living around a set of responsibilities and behaviours. Having a healthy routine does not mean turning yourself into a robot; it means optimizing your life for success. Keeping to a schedule, and having faith in your day-to-day, doesn’t make you an automaton, it makes you strategic. Life is about juggling responsibilities, and trying to do it as healthily as possible. If you are having trouble designing your life into a productive, healthy routine, and need some help lightening the academic load, contact Homework Help Global and let us assign one of our professional academic writers to your coursework. References: (2018). “Healthy Benefits of Having a Routine.” Northwestern Medicine. Retrieved from: health-benefits-of-having-a-routine Dement, W. (1997). “What All Undergraduates Should Know About How Their Sleeping Lives Affect Their Waking Lives.” Stanford University. Retrieved from: Gingell, S. (2018). “Why Exercise is so Essential for Mental Health.” Psychology Today. Retrieved from: why-exercise-is-so-essential-mental-health

Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine

Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School When many people hear the words healthy routine they cringe at the thought of what surely must be mind-numbing repetition. The word ‘routine’ is a synonym for ‘normal,’ ‘boring,’ ‘unexciting.’ We don’t want to live boring, normal, unexciting lives. We want constant stimulation, novel experiences, originality and unpredictability. A life full of those things is a life well-lived, right? A healthy routine does not imply monotony There is an important difference between something being ‘routine’, and a routine. A healthy routine is something that helps keep you oriented and balanced throughout the day, and lets you plan and execute important tasks that allow you to succeed personally, professionally, and academically. If you find yourself wandering aimlessly through your university experience, and just can’t find a way to stay grounded, below are some of the reasons a good, strategic routine can help you do exactly that. Make time to exercise There is ample evidence to suggest that a variety of mental health conditions are directly linked (both positively and negatively) to exercise. The hippocampus is the area of your brain responsible for, among other things, regulating emotion. Research using animals has demonstrated that exercise leads to the creation of new neurons in this region of the brain, with similar research showing that many mental health conditions can be traced to reduced neurogenesis (i.e. slow, or a lack of new neuron formation) in that same area. If you are able to incorporate three or more 45-60 minute exercise sessions into your weekly routine, you tend to see the positive effects on your mental health after about 4 weeks. So a trip to the gym, or a run after class doesn’t even necessarily have to be something you do every day. An hour of exercise every other day is enough to help keep you mentally healthy, will contribute towards your physical well-being, and will provide you with energy and a sense of purpose to help keep you going throughout the week. Get into a proper sleep routine during the week It is hard to maintain a healthy sleep schedule throughout the week (especially on the weekends), and living life and having fun will require that you break that routine from time to time. All in all, college students require at least eight hours of sleep per day. That may seem laughable, given the demands of school, reading, writing, studying, work, family, significant others, and friends, but, at the end of the day, you must ultimately want to prioritize your sleep in order to get enough of it. There is a reason that athletes are very serious about getting adequate sleep (especially while training for a major competition), and why it is recommended that you sleep well before a big exam: your body needs sufficient sleep to function properly and optimally. Getting into a healthy sleep routine will require some initial sacrifice on your part. If you have an 8:30 a.m. class and you need to get up at 6:30 a.m. to wash, get dressed, eat breakfast, and commute realistically, you should be asleep by around 10:30 p.m. If you’re going to bed at 2:30 a.m. think about what you’re doing that is preventing you from getting to sleep earlier. Are you scrolling through social media for four hours, or is it because you got off work late? Make sleep a priority and your academic life will become easier. Schedule personal time Having and keeping to a schedule also means making time for free time. If you know you are going to be fully booked until Sunday, then make sure you dedicate Sunday to yourself. A routine, even one structured around your health and success, can become oppressive if you don’t find time to do things you really enjoy doing. If it’s video games on Sunday, then play video games on Sunday; if it’s recreational soccer on Wednesday evening, then play recreational soccer on Wednesday evening. By making scheduled time for yourself, you are also acknowledging that your other allotted time slots are for taking care of business. It is easier to allow yourself to be distracted by things that aren’t focused on academics (things meant to better you and set you up for future success) when you don’t have something keeping track of the personal time you’ve already set aside. When you’re reminded you’ve already had time to disconnect from school, you are less likely to keep seeking it out. Invest in a day timer (or similar app/software) Part of getting into a healthy routine is keeping track of that routine. If you have a visual reminder of what you have to do and when you have to do it, it makes keeping to schedule easier. If you like writing things out by hand, then an old-fashioned day timer might suit your needs. If you prefer having everything automated and tucked out of sight, then the innumerable scheduling and day planning apps that exist also come in handy. You can set up reminders and notifications throughout the day to keep you on track, making sure that you are respecting your routine and further ingraining it into your daily life. For a routine to become normal, you have to keep at it, and be willing to tough out the initial shock of living around a set of responsibilities and behaviours. Having a healthy routine does not mean turning yourself into a robot; it means optimizing your life for success. Keeping to a schedule, and having faith in your day-to-day, doesn’t make you an automaton, it makes you strategic. Life is about juggling responsibilities, and trying to do it as healthily as possible. If you are having trouble designing your life into a productive, healthy routine, and need some help lightening the academic load, contact Homework Help Global and let us assign one of our professional academic writers to your coursework. References: (2018). “Healthy Benefits of Having a Routine.” Northwestern Medicine. Retrieved from: health-benefits-of-having-a-routine Dement, W. (1997). “What All Undergraduates Should Know About How Their Sleeping Lives Affect Their Waking Lives.” Stanford University. Retrieved from: Gingell, S. (2018). “Why Exercise is so Essential for Mental Health.” Psychology Today. Retrieved from: why-exercise-is-so-essential-mental-health Why it Makes Sense to get Into a Healthy Routine How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School How to get Into a Healthy Routine at School When many people hear the words healthy routine they cringe at the thought of what surely must be mind-numbing repetition. The word ‘routine’ is a synonym for ‘normal,’ ‘boring,’ ‘unexciting.’ We don’t want to live boring, normal, unexciting lives. We want constant stimulation, novel experiences, originality and unpredictability. A life full of those things is a life well-lived, right? A healthy routine does not imply monotony There is an important difference between something being ‘routine’, and a routine. A healthy routine is something that helps keep you oriented and balanced throughout the day, and lets you plan and execute important tasks that allow you to succeed personally, professionally, and academically. If you find yourself wandering aimlessly through your university experience, and just can’t find a way to stay grounded, below are some of the reasons a good, strategic routine can help you do exactly that. Make time to exercise There is ample evidence to suggest that a variety of mental health conditions are directly linked (both positively and negatively) to exercise. The hippocampus is the area of your brain responsible for, among other things, regulating emotion. Research using animals has demonstrated that exercise leads to the creation of new neurons in this region of the brain, with similar research showing that many mental health conditions can be traced to reduced neurogenesis (i.e. slow, or a lack of new neuron formation) in that same area. If you are able to incorporate three or more 45-60 minute exercise sessions into your weekly routine, you tend to see the positive effects on your mental health after about 4 weeks. So a trip to the gym, or a run after class doesn’t even necessarily have to be something you do every day. An hour of exercise every other day is enough to help keep you mentally healthy, will contribute towards your physical well-being, and will provide you with energy and a sense of purpose to help keep you going throughout the week. Get into a proper sleep routine during the week It is hard to maintain a healthy sleep schedule throughout the week (especially on the weekends), and living life and having fun will require that you break that routine from time to time. All in all, college students require at least eight hours of sleep per day. That may seem laughable, given the demands of school, reading, writing, studying, work, family, significant others, and friends, but, at the end of the day, you must ultimately want to prioritize your sleep in order to get enough of it. There is a reason that athletes are very serious about getting adequate sleep (especially while training for a major competition), and why it is recommended that you sleep well before a big exam: your body needs sufficient sleep to function properly and optimally. Getting into a healthy sleep routine will require some initial sacrifice on your part. If you have an 8:30 a.m. class and you need to get up at 6:30 a.m. to wash, get dressed, eat breakfast, and commute realistically, you should be asleep by around 10:30 p.m. If you’re going to bed at 2:30 a.m. think about what you’re doing that is preventing you from getting to sleep earlier. Are you scrolling through social media for four hours, or is it because you got off work late? Make sleep a priority and your academic life will become easier. Schedule personal time Having and keeping to a schedule also means making time for free time. If you know you are going to be fully booked until Sunday, then make sure you dedicate Sunday to yourself. A routine, even one structured around your health and success, can become oppressive if you don’t find time to do things you really enjoy doing. If it’s video games on Sunday, then play video games on Sunday; if it’s recreational soccer on Wednesday evening, then play recreational soccer on Wednesday evening. By making scheduled time for yourself, you are also acknowledging that your other allotted time slots are for taking care of business. It is easier to allow yourself to be distracted by things that aren’t focused on academics (things meant to better you and set you up for future success) when you don’t have something keeping track of the personal time you’ve already set aside. When you’re reminded you’ve already had time to disconnect from school, you are less likely to keep seeking it out. Invest in a day timer (or similar app/software) Part of getting into a healthy routine is keeping track of that routine. If you have a visual reminder of what you have to do and when you have to do it, it makes keeping to schedule easier. If you like writing things out by hand, then an old-fashioned day timer might suit your needs. If you prefer having everything automated and tucked out of sight, then the innumerable scheduling and day planning apps that exist also come in handy. You can set up reminders and notifications throughout the day to keep you on track, making sure that you are respecting your routine and further ingraining it into your daily life. For a routine to become normal, you have to keep at it, and be willing to tough out the initial shock of living around a set of responsibilities and behaviours. Having a healthy routine does not mean turning yourself into a robot; it means optimizing your life for success. Keeping to a schedule, and having faith in your day-to-day, doesn’t make you an automaton, it makes you strategic. Life is about juggling responsibilities, and trying to do it as healthily as possible. If you are having trouble designing your life into a productive, healthy routine, and need some help lightening the academic load, contact Homework Help Global and let us assign one of our professional academic writers to your coursework. References: (2018). “Healthy Benefits of Having a Routine.” Northwestern Medicine. Retrieved from: health-benefits-of-having-a-routine Dement, W. (1997). “What All Undergraduates Should Know About How Their Sleeping Lives Affect Their Waking Lives.” Stanford University. Retrieved from: Gingell, S. (2018). “Why Exercise is so Essential for Mental Health.” Psychology Today. Retrieved from: why-exercise-is-so-essential-mental-health

Gender Differences Between Men And Women Essay - 1533 Words

Considering all the questions in this assignment, this one sticks out to me most. I worked as a cosmetologist (hair dresser) for over six years, in which a majority of my coworkers were female. However, I also worked as a martial arts instructor for a couple years and served in the Army for four years, both of which are male dominant professions. Intuitively I noticed a vast contrast in social interactions between men and women, yet I have had difficulty pin-pointing the exact differences. Obviously, the military utilized abrasive and assertive speech, and I correlated it to professional differences rather than gender differences. However, learning the subconscious tendencies of communication polarities with men and women, and introspectively looking back at past interactions, forced me to realize it may be just as much a gender gap as a professional one. I always wondered why some men enjoyed challenging me in conversations. Although they have not always been direct about it, they a ttempt to dominate the conversation by interrupting me and saying things with shock value in attempt to throw me off balance. I am now convinced it may be my abnormal linguistic mannerisms as much their desire to take the leading male role in the conversation. For example, after spending the afternoon with a female friend, Kim, then later joined with her husband, Alex, I wondered why my mannerisms changed so abruptly, even while conversing with both of them at the same time. I assumed it wasShow MoreRelatedGender Differences Between Men And Women1185 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial and intriguing at the same time. This study approached the hypothesis of gender differences between men and women in spiritual well-being. The study used the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Ellison, 1983) and assessed 75 college students in the survey. The study resulted in data that confirmed the hypothesis that men and women do not have any significant differences in spiritual well-being. â€Æ' Gender Differences in Spiritual Well-Being The examination of spiritual well-being has been a long andRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1058 Words   |  5 PagesGender differences between men and women Abstract Gender difference can be expressed in many ways. In our daily life, there are many phenomenon can be explained by gender difference. For example, man always like to pay attention to political news, but women focus on gossip news; Women like shopping very much but men never want to go shopping; for the same thing men and women will make different evaluations. These entire phenomenons are because of gender difference. How the gender difference showRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1417 Words   |  6 Pagesto analyze gender differences between men and women in history. Whether these gender differences exist in the way in which they communicate, influence, or lead, men and women have always been viewed as different and unique sets of people. These differences have, to a certain extent, put black mens in the environment at a disadvantage because of their perceived inferiority to the world, mainly due to historical gender inequalities, discrimination of racism. Especially, young black mens. I do believeRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1992 Words   |  8 PagesThere is much debate on the issue of personality differences between men and women, some believe that that men and women are vastly different, others only slightly and the rest firmly believe that we are no different from each other at all. A large quantity of research has been conducted in order to try to find this out. Firstly, it is imperative that gender and personality have a clear definition to prevent confusion. Gender is a psychological perception of masculinity and femininity and can beRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women892 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of the standard definition, gender differences cause the meaning of attractiveness to vary among society. Cultural influences suggest that the â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder† is false. Aside from the specific guidelines towards what men and women perceive, men take attractiveness mor e serious than do women. It has been proven that both men and women compare body image and asymmetry when determining someone’s attractiveness, or lack there of. However, there are certain cases whereRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women Essay2523 Words   |  11 PagesThe â€Å"male norm† is an important concept for understanding women’s history, gender history, and the history of sexuality in classical Athens. Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe, explains the importance of studying women, as well as studying gender. Historians studying gender â€Å"note that what are usually described as the â€Å"biological† differences between men and women are themselves influenced by ideas about gender, with a single polarity (man/woman) so strong in western culture that individualsRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1861 Words   |  8 Pagescentury, western culture frequently dismisses the concept of men and women holding highly dis tinguishable traits that denote respective functions in society. Such movements insinuate that the objective of absolute equality between the sexes has been met, despite history presenting an entirely contrasting view of gender roles that have perpetuated inequality in the minds of mankind. 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It is one of many indicators of gender inequality in a country, when examining labour market participation in terms of gender (EC 2007). Though we try to fight for gender equality in the workplace, us females still face many difficulties. While they’ve made strides in breaking through the â€Å"glass ceiling,† we often have many other challenges, things such as sexism, discrimination, sometimesRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Gender Stereotype And The Difference Between Men And Women1150 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel Things Fall Apart gender stereotype and the difference between men and women, and also how women are treated compared to men, are presented very boldly throughout the whole novel. Showing these stereotypes and maybe certain rights that were provided for one gender and not the other is important when it comes to understanding the novel more because it shows how things were in villages like Umuofia during the time (but mostly before) when Christian missionaries and white men had taken over, and showing

Diabetes On The Rise Of Diabetes - 994 Words

Diabetes on the Rise â€Å"There is considerable evidence for a rising epidemic of diabetes in many countries of the world, with projected numbers of affected persons, and national prevalence likely to rise† (Sicree Shaw, 2007). The United States (U.S.) alone being number three of the top ten countries worldwide, projected to see the highest rate of those affected by type II diabetes amongst its population in 2030 (Shaw, Sicree, Zimmet, 2010). A growing epidemic, attributions to urbanization, nutrition transition, as well as sedentary lifestyles have been made as fueling the sequential rise in type II diabetes (Hu, 2011). With current societal behaviors detrimental to the overall health of the U.S., it is essential to raise awareness of current risk factors to employ behavioral changes to decrease prevalence of type II diabetes. Risk Factors â€Å"Type II diabetes mellitus is a complex polygenic disorder in which common genetic variants interact with environmental factors to unmask the disease† (Lyssenko et al., 2008). Knowing your family history is a good predictive value, especially in combination with other risk factors such as obesity (Hariri et al., 2006). In a study conducted by Wang and Beydoun, it was found that in 2006 alone 66% of adults were either overweight or obese with another 34% at risk of becoming overweight with no signs of decline in the years to come (2007). In a country with over two thirds of its population at risk for developing diabetes precautionaryShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Diabetes1345 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie Wall-E was a fun and beloved children’s animated depiction of the future, however, the reality is, that may be the future of many Americans. The rise of obesity is growing and with-it diabetes. But what is diabetes? What causes it? 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The main goal isRead MoreEssay about The Rise Children with Diabetes in the United States641 Words   |  3 Pagesmany other countries around the world more children are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In the past, children who were diagnosed with diabetes were diagnosed with type 1. Type 1 diabetes affects many children in which they are unable to produce insulin. However, as times have changed children are now being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes which is a chronic illness that usually affects adults. Type 2 diabetes develops when the person is not able to produce enough insulin, and if insulin is beingRead MoreDiabetes : A Growing Pandemic1627 Words   |  7 PagesType 1 diabetes is a growing pandemic in our world today, and is being diagnosed at a higher rate with each coming year. Diabetes prevention and education must be a top priority for countries such as the United States, so that this alarming trend of increased diagnosis can be brought to a halt. The United States has one of the best education systems in the world, however does not put a focus on diabetes education for those at risk. Diabetes is a growing pandemic in the United States and the worldRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : A Silent Killer1419 Words   |  6 PagesType 2 diabetes is a silent killer that often has no symptoms. Diabetes is a life-long chronic disease that affects your whole body. Being overweight, eating unhealthy, and not exercising leads to a lot of health complications that may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle choices such as healthy foods and moderate physical activity are important for an individual to stay healthy. Practicing a healthy lifestyle is essential in preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Read MoreHealth Needs Of The Bedford Stuyvesant Community1048 Words   |  5 Pagestype 2 diabetes. Many needs were observed and documented and included barriers, access to health service challenges, access to affordable healthcare, access to community-based support organization and unavailability of safe parks and other available spaces to exercise. Through this need assessment proposal, I hope to highlight the health needs, why it is considered a public health issue for the neighborhood of Central Brooklyn. I will target the group at risk for developing type-2 diabetes, the populationRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes855 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 is on the rise in the United States, with a new case diagnosed every 30 seconds (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, 2015). Diabetes is similarly on the rise in Africa, with an estimated 8 million cases to be diagnosed by 2025 (Mbanya,2006, p. 1628-1629). The standard of care for a diabetes patient is the same however, regardless of the continent. 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The rise in blood glucose levels results in the disease that is broken down into two main types, type one diabetes and type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease, meaning a disease in which the body s immune system attacks healthy cells, that causes the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreasRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Form Of Diabetes1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes which affects 90% to 95% of the population. In the United States, approximately 1.7 million new cases of diabetes were identified in 2012 and the disease affects 29 million Americans or 9.3 percent of the population. In 2012 the total financial burden of diabetes was estimated to be $245 billion which included $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity. Those who have type 2 diabetes are unable to control

Top Esl Essay Writing Topics Tips!

Top Esl Essay Writing Topics Tips! Choosing online essay writers isn't a nightmare anymore. In other sorts of essays, the content might vary. After you have done your brainstorming and chosen your subject, you may have to do a little bit of investigating to compose a fantastic essay. List three to five topics that you're interested in or would love to write about. You wish to select a topic that's neither too broad nor too narrow. When you understand what your essay should address, spend a small time brainstorming ideas. That is, an essay cannot be boring and dry. In other words, it should say how you plan to prepare for class. The example essay is among the absolute most basic essays in academic writing, but may be exceedingly difficult if you've never written one or don't know what things to write about. Esl Essay Writing Topics - Overview When you're writing, attempt to prevent employing the exact same words and phrases over and over again. Just about any topic can be find in the variety of needed information, at least for a couple paragraphs, with which you may operate to write a superior work. Many people don't read the entire text and they concentrate on the conclusion to learn what the text is all about. Your text ought to have a particular objective to reach a specific audience. The Good, the Bad and Esl Essay Writing Topics The prices of our very best essay writing service aren't the highest and not the lowest on the marketplace. If you're fighting to compose an essay, you are able to either place an order for a completely new part of work on the subject of your choice or you may write it yourself and then order a re-write or proofreading services. Your account is bound to the e-mail you've noted, so please make certain you mention a valid e-mail which it is easy to access to make your account. Now you understand that an honest and qualitative on-line essay writing service can offer great assistance for your learning, it's time to set your purchase. Who Else Wants to Learn About Esl Essay Writing Topics? If you haven't ever written an essay before, or when you struggle with writing and wish to increase your skills, it's a superb notion to experience several actions in the essay writing process. However brilliant a writer is, he or she'll require a brilliant editor to reassess the essay and polish it. If you order from us, you can secure a draft of your paper to be certain your writer is heading in the proper direction. The thesis will often be utilised in your introductory paragraph. Asking our expert to compose an essay, you will realize that an interesting and effective paper is going to be delivered to you eventually. Very good solution is to cover essay. Now you know a bit about what online essay writers do, there are a range of important reasons why you need to only trust experienced academic writers to supply you with an adequate paper. There are lots of important elements which make essay writing homework such a daunting job to finish. The 5-Minute Rule for Esl Essay Writing Topics Essays are typical in elementary, middle, higher school and college, and you might even must compose essays in the industry world (although they're usually called reports'' at that point). Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They are just starting with English. They will participate in online discussions as well as peer review. The Ultimate Esl Essay Writing Topics Trick Which is the reason we screen our writers' degrees and qualif ications until they write for all of us. To comprehend what the key points could form the foundation for future scientific work. What's more, such writing experts have qualifications from reliable institutions in a selection of subject including biology, organization, literature and economics amongst others. Even the most well-known examples need context. Whispered Esl Essay Writing Topics Secrets An excellent essay writer is equipped to handle their time well to be able to freelance, meaning he or she's available at all times for work. Keep in mind that each new idea needs to be developed into a distinct paragraph. When you analyze your subject, you should inform the reader about its basic concepts and then you'll want to analyze the issue in a suitable way. After all, the very first thing you need to analyze the subject of the work.

Holiday Decision Survey

Question: Write an essay on "Holiday Decision Survey". Answer: 1.0 Introduction Tourism had identified the lucrative aspects that had displayed with indifferent paradoxes. In the similar context, Page (2012) determined that the tourism agencies had undertaken a high constructive and organised effort to enhance the accessibility internationally. Tourism had managed to establish an extensive influence on the public sector. The tourism consumer behaviour can recognise as the assembly of its attitudes, decisions, acts, reaction towards the tourism products and services and its post consuming reactions. Considering the previous context, Tourism experience (2016) mentioned that over the decades, tourism had witnessed a continuous. Diversification had become one of the fastest growing economic segments in the global context. Moreover, tourism had turned out to be a thriving global sector, which had the power to shape up the positive and the negative influence of the economy. Both the developed and the developing regions had contributed a significant proportion of the National Income and had managed to generate tremendous employment opportunities. It had turned out to be a fast growing serving sector and carries huge potentials for its further expansion and diversifications. According to Ryan Collins (2008), a high percentage of the customer segment initiates the tourism services to experience refreshment. Therefore, the tourism marketers target the tourism that prefers the holiday-centric services. The present study focuses on the 6 destinations, which include Barossa Valley, Spain, France, Italy, Las Vegas, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The current study evaluates on the pros and cons of the tourism initiatives taken by the marketers of the specific destinations. The analysis would be done exclusively on the primary data. 3 respondents have been selected or the particular subject. Based on the feedbacks, strategic recommendations would be provided to one of the tourist marketers to improve its attraction measures. 2.0 Analysing the behavioural aspects of the selected respondents with the support of personality theory The tourist that initiates the tourism services for the holiday purpose experiences different types of treatments. In the particular inference, Petr (2015) determined that the customers prefer to experience a premium level of services. Therefore, the monetary expenditure does not matter much to the tourists that prefer the premium level of services. In the majority of the cases, the customers prefer to initiate the services of the tourist attractions that are well decorated. In the similar context, Miao Mattila (2011) asserted that the psychology of the customers works in the manner that the greater percentage of expenditure can return higher proportionate of value. Therefore, the holiday tourist segment prefers to initiate the destinations that charge a premium range of the capitals. Contrary to the latter statement, Goeldner Ritchie (2011) claimed that with the increasing rate of the literacy, the customers are getting typical regarding the tourism services. Therefore, the custom ers have generated idea and knowledge with regards to the tourism practices. Hence, the majority of the tourists undergoes a thorough research of the offered services and the overall all activities of the attractions before perceiving the services. The behavioural action of the tourist segment and the personal influence had been analysed with the support of the self-congruity theory. Kattara et al. (2008) stated that the self-congruity theory represents the match and the mismatch of the perceptions between the individuals. The theory indicates that the maximum percentages of the tourists prefer to showcase the dedication towards the brand image of the tourist destinations. Based on the distinct perception, the visitors determines on the brand choice. Investigating on the feedbacks of the first three respondents (1,2 and 3) an assumption can be made that the visitors are ready to initiate the service that places the price at a moderate level. The visitor prefer to spend a maximum ten ure of 5 days. Thus, the visitors are comfortable with the price ranging within $2000. Considering on the opinion of the 1st respondent, the destination based decisions are made after analysing on the value derived proportion and price affordability plays a major role in the decision making as well. The opinions of the samples regarding the pricing policy of the chosen destinations are indifferent. Conversely, amongst the three respondents, 2 signify that the pricing configuration of Spain, France and Italy are highly unsatisfactory. The respondents have asserted that the accommodation offerings of the specified destinations are highly standardised. Morrison (2013) notified that the customers get easily convinced by the high profile offering. However, the affordability of perceiving the services creates the significant differences. 3.0 Evaluating the behaviour of the selected respondents using the demographic theory The customers' attitudes with respect to the demographic concept had been scrutinised with the support of the Marx demographic theory. As per the opinion of Konu (2015), the global population is entirely reliable on the social and the economic aspects. Inference can be drawn from the above evaluation that the strength of the community gets minimised due to the lack of social and economic support. Zhang et al. (2013) asserted that visitors prefer to invest the destinations that offer the positive encouragement. The research conducted by the previous scholars denotes that the majority of the visitors undertake the holiday services to break down the routine schedules. On the other hand, a certain percentage of the travellers undertake the similar range of services to gain a better experience, which can be implied in the regular hectic schedule as a fatigue handling initiatives. Hence, the social gathering is highly beneficial to create a positive vibration. The particular action facilit ates the travellers to gain a refined experience from the holiday trip. Supporting the latter context, O'Cass Sok (2015) specified that the corrective social gathering and positive behavioural aspects of the external population are highly necessitated to enhance the recreational measures. The feedbacks of the three respondents lead to the direction that the maximum percentages of the tourist prefer receiving the value added services other than the unique ones from the trip. The economic up gradation creates a direct influence on the infrastructural upliftment policy of the destinations. The visitors prefer visiting Gold Coast and Las Vegas due to its lucrative accommodation services. Both the destinations had utilised the economic resources in the productive manner, which led the attractions to attain the maximum visitors' preferences. The feedback of the second respondent reflects that the social gathering and the activities conducted by the destinations had been highly lucrative. Therefore, the customers find the specific destination to be economic and the social outing creates a positive encouragement on the visitors. It serves to be a significant recreational aspect for the tourists. Evaluating on the responses of the selected samples, inference can be drawn that 4.0 Recommendations The attraction measures of the six tourism destinations had been extremely lucrative. Conversely, the tourism actions initiated by the marketers of Spain, France and Italy (option 1) lags specifically in the pricing measures. Thus, despite receiving the affirmative reactions of the visitors in the social networking sites, the regions somehow fails to convince the customers to make a revisit in the specific tourist destination. Therefore, the strategic recommendations had been provided to the market of the chosen destination to amplify its attraction measures. The recommendations are initiated after evaluating the demands and expectation of the visitors with regards to Spain, France and Italy destinations. The strategic initiatives are: Limiting the service tenure The service tenure for the holiday tourism is quite long (Morrison, 2013). The feedback of the samples forecasts that the holiday trip 15 nights is too long, which is a complete waste of the financial resources. The respondents are comfortable with the tenure of 5 days or nights. Since, the marketers of the specific destination kept a long tenure, therefore, the budget had been kept high without any inclusion of unique offerings. Therefore, reducing the 15-night tenure to 5 days would be the smart effort to mitigate the budget deficit. It would help the markets to construct a reasonable budget for the entire trip package. It would enact to be the useful measures formulate the tourist plan within the expected range of the visitors. Creating an effective pricing strategy The package offerings of the destination are comparatively expensive. Therefore, despite the executing an interest towards the region, the visitors prefer to look for an alternative within an affordable range (Konu, 2015). However, certain percentages of the customers prefer to initiate the holiday services exclusively for the recreation and experience, therefore, believes the trip package and the price range of Spain, France and Italy do not even match with the expectation. The customers are ready to make expenditure within the budget of $1500 - $2500. Whereas, Spain, France and Italy change $ 10,990 for 15 days, which is irrelevant and almost three times more than the price range of Las Vegas, Hong Kong and Gold Coast. The marketer can follow the policy of providing the flight tickets of economic class other than the business class to limit the price range. Conclusion Evaluating the study, it had been concluded that the visitors prefer to experience that value added service at an affordable price range. Therefore, the marketers that had included enormous service measures within the tour package needs to screen on its efficacy and keep the efficient ones. The holiday tenure of 5 days is sufficient to create an impressive impact on the visitors. References: Goeldner, C. R., Ritchie, J. B. R. (2011). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies (12th ed.). United States: Wiley, John Sons. Holden, A. (2007). Environment and tourism (2nd ed.). London: Taylor Francis. Kattara, H. S., Weheba, D., El-Said, O. A. (2008). The impact of employee behaviour on customers service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 309323. Konu, H. (2015). Developing nature-based tourism products with customers by utilising the Delphi method. Tourism Management Perspectives, 14, 4254. Miao, L., Mattila, A. S. (2011). The impact of other customers on customer experiences: A psychological distance perspective. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 37(1), 7799. Morrison, A. M. (2013).Marketing and managing tourism destinations. New York: Routledge. OCass, A., Sok, P. (2015). An exploratory study into managing value creation in tourism service firms: Understanding value creation phases at the intersection of the tourism service firm and their customers. Tourism Management, 51, 186200. Page, S. (2012). Tourism management.Tourism Management,33(3), 724725. Petr, C. (2015). How heritage site tourists may become monument visitors. Tourism Management, 51, 247262. Ryan, C., Collins, A. B. (2008). Entertaining international VisitorsThe hybrid nature of tourism shows. Tourism Recreation Research, 33(2), 143149. Tourism, C., experience, T. (2016). Assessment of cultural tourism experience in selected attraction in Nanyang, Henan province in china. Journal of Tourism Hospitality, 05(02), 123-135 Zhang, J., Seo, S., Lee, H. (2013). The impact of psychological distance on Chinese customers when selecting an international healthcare service country. Tourism Management.

Antitrust and Unfair Trade Practices The Dynamic Corporate Environment

Abstract Antitrust and unfair trade practices have caused a lot of debate for along time. Trade practices that are considered unfair include monopoly, formation of cartels and predatory pricing. Monopolies usually dictate over prices of goods that are in the market because in most markets, monopolistic organizations are the sole suppliers or producers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Antitrust and Unfair Trade Practices: The Dynamic Corporate Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cartels usually agree on prices that they set for consumers so that consumers have no choice but to buy the products or services at the prices set by the cartels. This proposal will look at unfair trade practices and antitrust cases in relation to corporate organizations. Corporate companies should remain responsible and transparent to allow accountability of their actions and allow consumers to feel positive effects of fair trade practices such as availability of commodities and fair prices for goods and services. The paper will also look at methods which can be used to allow collection of accurate data concerning antitrust laws and unfair trade practices in relation to corporate organizations. Governments in different countries have the responsibility of formulating policies to ensure that trade carried out in the country is fair. Fair trade promotes availability of commodities and services to consumers get them at the right place and at the right time. Fair trade also promotes growth and development of businesses as organizations try to come up with new ways through which they can attract and retain as many clients as possible. Introduction Antitrust laws in the United States of America have the intent of making trading fair and ensure that all the people involved are treated as they should be. The antitrust laws were enacted by the legislative part of the government because they felt that trade is benefi cial to all the stakeholders that are involved. One of the beneficiaries would be the government and the economy because if trade was to thrive, then the government could rake in revenue in form of taxes while the society would benefit if the economy thrives as many jobs would be available and the prices of commodities available in the market would be affordable (Posner, 2001). Most governments have the intention of protecting the consumer by ensuring that there is fair competition among business traders. When there is fare competition like absence of predatory pricing, goods and services are available to consumers at the right prices, at the right time and at the right quantity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fairness in trade practices in the market should be applicable to both the producer and the consumer. Monopolies and mergers that might lead to oppression of the consumer in terms of prices or unfair trade practices are not recommended. Any contract agreements that might be made between a seller and buyer are strongly advised against. According to Tirole (1989), corporate power is the ability held by organizations to enable them to influence the activities of the society and its people, the government and the overall economy based on the resources that these organizations have control over. When the capability of the corporate organizations to influence the society is high, the corporate power that they hold also increases. Antitrust laws are set mainly to protect small business organizations from big business organizations. Antitrust laws have been associated with the growth and development observed in many industries due to the promotion of fair competition. Many organizations have had to come up and invest in innovation so that they can stay on top of available competition which encourages growth and development in different business sect ors. This innovation has especially been observed in the technology industry. According to Areeda (2011), these days, there has also been an increase in the number of mergers that are taking place in the country; both vertical and horizontal mergers. According to Dabbah (2003) ,vertical mergers usually take place when different companies in different lines of business decide to come together and cut on costs they incur when there is prospects of making more money once they are together than when they are apart. The vertical mergers might involve companies that are in different stages of production even though they might be in the same line of business. Horizontal mergers usually take place between companies or organizations at the same level of production of services or goods. There are three major federal antitrust law in the United States of America. These antitrust laws include; The Sherman Anti trust Act, the Clayton act and the Robinson Patman Act. The Regulatory body created u nder the Robinson Patman Act seeks to enforce the laid down rules by the government. Corporate organizations are expected to be responsible in the way that they carry out their business organizations (Cheeseman, 2009). This is especially done so for corporate organizations that may have the responsibility of serving many people. Big corporate organizations would be expected to be transparent so that they can easily be accountable for their actions to the members of the society, to the larger corporate community and to the government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Antitrust and Unfair Trade Practices: The Dynamic Corporate Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many corporate organizations that are charged with the responsibility of serving a large number of people, and they are expected to do so responsibly without taking advantage of consumers since the consumers might have no other service pr oviders or suppliers of commodities that they might go to (Dabbah, 2003). Corporate organizations may have a responsibility when it comes to public services like telecommunications services, provision of electricity and water service. Such organizations have to be responsible because in most cases, they might be the only ones in a region that might have the facilities needed to provide services to the members of the society. Corporate organizations have the responsibility of not taking advantage of individuals that need their services in the community. In light of protection of the public from any corporate organizations that might take advantage of them, the United States government passed the Sarbanes- Oxley Act in the month of June in 2001 (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). The act was due to highly ranked corporate organizations that were getting bankrupt due to unethical practices that they were engaging in such as Enron inflation of their assets. The accountants at Enron highly infla ted their assets so that the organization could appear as if it was really doing well when in real sense it was in financial trouble.The Sarbanes Oxley was seen as one that might result in accountability and transparency by corporate organizations in terms of the information that they give to the public. As a result of the act, many managers especially those in big internationally known companies, have had to ensure that they are well aware of all the activities that go on in organizations to increase accountability for employees and for the decisions that are made in the organization. After the Enron accounting scandal in 2001, corporate firms were banned from having auditors that were also their clients as was the case with Enron with their auditors Arthur Andersen (Hylton, 2003). Problem Statement The areas that are defined by the antitrust act are not clear as they should translate to competitiveness that occurs between firms. Lack of clarity contributes to carrying out of busin ess activities that might be classified as illegal for corporate organizations. Research Questions Approaches on how lack of clarity of antitrust laws and emerging issues impact business organizations in the country Factors on how the existing antitrust laws impact the operations of corporate organizations especially those with high levels of innovation like the technological and insurance industries that both need innovation in order to achieve successful growth and development. Literature Review There have been many antitrust economics proposals that have been proposed to solve problems that have come up on the basis of the economy and the antitrust laws that have been made into law over the years.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many sources of literature including business journals and economics textbooks some of which use complex models and mathematical formulas have been dedicated to the explanation of the antitrust laws and their effect on the behavior and actions of firms. Theoretical and applied economics have been made use of using different approaches such as the structural approach (Allan, 2010). Most of the economic models that have been proposed have tried to utilize different models to explain the competition that occurs in organizations and the connection to antitrust laws applied. Some models such as the heuristic model propose that an organization’s structure should be the main focus to determine how business is conducted. The determination of strategic actions that are taken by an organization should have minimal influence over classification of types of businesses involved in corporate competition for market positions (Dabbah, 2003). A combination of theories that are applicable to m icro, macro and meso levels have been used in availble literature to try and explain the innovation that usually occurs in organizations in relation to innovation that most people thought had been restricted by implementation of antitrust laws in the country. The dynamic methods of analyzing markets makes use of antitrust concepts that are utilized in corporate organizations. The antitrust laws are in use in corporate environments to install and maintain healthy competition, and in the protection of buyers from being expolited by suppliers,sellers and producers (Areeda, 2011). The antitrust laws also serve to protect smaller organizations from being exposed to predatory pricing that might push the smaller organizations from business. Using the dynamic theory to analyze markets and corporate organization, monopoly is not seen as a threat to competition between different businesses that are in the same line of production or in the same industry. Using the dynamic approach, monopoly is viewed as coming into play due to competition that exists in the market. For example, businesses that are in the same line of activities might decide to merge their operations in order to cut on costs and take advantage of economies of scale that would be available because of the increase in capital from the resulting company. Companies might be involved in vertical or in horizontal mergers. Un-equilibrium might result in the market but using the progressive dynamic theory, the state of un-equilibrium is viewed as an expected consequence of competition between organizations (Tirole, 1989). People are expected to have strong opinions about antitrust and unfair trade practices that usually exist in the markets. This is a sensitive issue for people because in most cases, it results in unfair trade practices and affects productivity of affected businesses, the economy and living standard of individuals. Awareness of the antitrust laws that exist and their effects on the public and econ omic activities that are affected has an impact on the public and how they perceive corporate organizations (Posner, 2009). Corporate organizations should therefore ensure that, the effects of the antitrust laws and corporate competition portray them in a positive manner for the benefit of their business and to gain a positive effect on their profit margins. Competition across all lines of businesses and industries has gone global. Corporate organizations need to develop strategies so that they can survive amid the competition that has moved from a national to an international level (Dabbah, 2003). For an organization to ensure that it remains gloablly competitive, it should come up with clear goals and objectives for the employees to perform effectively. Organizations are also supposed to adopt and implement workable policies that foster gains for growth and development in the organization and therefore, maintain or increase profit margin. Once policies have been put in place, an o rganization should ensure that the necessary resources needed for the achievement of the organization’s objectives are available. The management of an organization should perform an analysis and performance evaluation to determine the areas which the organization can work on in order to improve or maintain its relevance. The quality of performance in an organization should be taken seriously and be considered a continous and not temporary process. Most of the time, organizations that have all the necessary resources would perform highly in comparison to other organization, but they would need to recognize that they have the resources that can give them a competitive advantage over other organizations. Many organizations are introducing ways through which they can develop strategies to remain competivie in their respective lines of business. Some organizations use simple analysis techniques such as SWOT analysis and Porter’s model to diagnose their weak areas and improv e on them while expoiting their strenghts so as to be among the top leaders in the business (Posner, 2001). After conducting analyses of their organizations, majority of the businesses strategically implement proposed solutions. In doing so, organizations are able to plan for outcomes that may hinder progress and thefore, remove the obstacles early enough and enable these organizations emerge successfull. Analysis also enables an organization to have more control over problems that they may encounter while impementing policies to achieve the vision and mission of the organization. (Hylton, 2003). Many organizations have been able to capitalize on the needed importance on the strenghts and capabilites that they hold in comparison to other organizations have enabled them to stay afloat especially when there is a lot of competition from other companies that are in the industry as the company in question. A good example is the Motorolla Company that has been able to shift its focus from the manufacture of electronic goods such as televisions, to telephone handsets (Allan, 2011). Therefore, by being able to take advantage of the emotions that consumers have over business practices by various organizations, a company can be able to maximize on returns in terns of profits made.Clyde (1997), cites that, organizations should conduct research on ways and the time periods that they should implement their business strategies so that they can take advantage of competition in the market and the concept of antitrust laws applied. Researchers in organizations are able to find out the business situations and the best seasons that they can take advantage of and maximize on by gathering and utilizing the information that they get from clients. For example, personnel in an organization that interact with clients such as customer care executives can easily gauge how clients perceive the organizations and they have the capability of finding out why clients’ preception are ho w they are. Organizations can therefore use such information to benchmark themselves against other similar organizations and be able to take the necessary action in order to maintaain or improve on the types of services that are delivered to clients according to Cheeseman ( 2009). Some of the research that has been carried out on the effectiveness of organizations have been found to be negative. This might result to poor outcomes especially to personnel of organizations who might feel that they have done excellent work only to be informed that there are research findings carried out in the field that show that their work has not been done as properly as it should be done (Hylton, 2003). Such results can have a negative effect on the morale of the human resources resulting in reduced productivity in an organization leading to low profit margins. Organizations should therefore, be prepared for negative feedback from clients and prepare their staff for such feedback to avoid unnecessar y loses for the organization (Tirole, 1989). The Monopoly, Oligopoly and Market Power in antitrust policy On the basis of antitrust laws, monopoly in business is seen as a means of attempting to cash in on the possible greatest amount of profits available in a market especially when such an organization is the only producer or supplier of commodities or sole provider of services in high demand such as sewerage or electirity services or the sale of necessities such as sugar or milk (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). The government failed to make a case against Microsoft on the charges of monopolization which left many members of the society wondering about the purpose and effects of the antitrust and unfair trade practices that have been established by the government. The case led many people to feel that situations that have recently been thought of as being a monopoly are situations that promote business competition in the line of business or industries that they occur. Recent court cases and their outcomes have shown that practices such as predatory pricing are the kind of practices that are considered to be unfair trade practices. An example is a court case popularly known as Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. vs Zenith Radio Corporation which led to a conclusion that portrayed predatory pricing as an unfair trading practice, most of the time it is not used and even when used, it might not be successful. Courts have made it illegal for businesses that supply products to companies of being selective in the prices that they charge for the commodities that they sell. For example, a company that sells supplies and still uses the supplies to make finished products, cannot sell the supplies to a competing company at a higher price as this would be an unfair practice (DiLorenzo, 1985). Oligopoly involves a few and mostly powerful organizations involved in the provision of services or selling of products. Most of the oligopolistic organizations usually decide to share pro fits even if it is against the expense of the consumer. Such cartels are common in the petroleum provision industry whereby, the organizations responsible for selling the products might collude to sell their products at high prices yet they know that consumers would have nowhere else to go to get the needed commodity, and there are no subsitutes for such products (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). Antitrust laws reforms Most economists argue that the antitrust laws are of no use and they have no basis of being applied in the corporate market which they further illustrate y giving examples of the current market whereby, those in power seem to ignore the monoplostic events that proceed in nation. It is argued that, economists who are the people on the ground when it comes to effects of the different types of organizations on an economy, were not consulted when the antitrust laws were drafted (Dabbah, 2003). Trusts that led to the formation of the Sherman act were shown to have had an effect that was negative to what was originally intended in the first place. DiLorenzo (1985) showed the antitust laws that were established and were infact, contibuting to the expansion of monopolies and cartels. This is because monopolistic organizations were able to expand their production throughout the nation and this resulted in reduction of prices resulting in more products being availble. The antitrust laws had suggested that monoplies and cartels would not be able to grow for their effects to be felt nationwide which was what was being experienced. Examples of organizations that have thrived even though they have been at different times considered monoplies include Walmart and Microsoft. Many powerful companies also propose the formation of mergers that would potentially lead to the opression of consumers but the law seems to ignore the fact that these organization are formed (Allan, 2011). Research Design Population and sample The research would be carried out through surveying o f individuals that would take part in the research study. The twenty individuals that would take part in the study would be selected through random sampling method. This method would reduce the chances of a bias when selecting people to take part in the survey. The names of the invidividuals would be selected from a group of people whose names would have been inputed in the computer. The data for the survey would be collected through indepth oral interviews. The information collected from the interview surveys would then be transcibed into a form that can be analyzed qualitatively. Where applicable, qualitative analysis of the data would also be applied. The research survey will be conducted under the assumption that the participants of the study do not observe antitrust and unfair trade practices. The researchers will try and separate the information given based on whether it is an opinion, a fact or just a feeling (Clyde, 1997). The research survey also intends to design the quest ions in a manner that it can be able to measure the level of knowledge of individuals concerning antitrust laws. The research survey also intends to establish the difference between an individual behavior and attitude to the knowledge that they might hold of the antiturst laws. Knowledge of the participants unfair trade practices that might exist will also be attempted to be linked to participants’ performance at the workplace and the effect on their perception of different organizations that exist in their line of business, and those that might be considered under different types of classifications by different people such as which organizations might be thought of as a monoploly and cartels in th participants line of business and nationally in general (Cheeseman, 2009). Investigative techniques The research survey intends to gather information concerning antitrust laws and practices that are carried out on unfair trade practices. The research has an intention of finding out the strategies that are practiced in organizations in perpetuation of good customer practices and the promotion of fair trade practices in a line of business or in an industry. Practices of different organization and the effects of their practices on clients will also be considered (Clyde, 1997). Data collection The research will be conducted in a period of twenty months. Literature review composition will be conducted in the first six months of this time together with the collection of data with the intent of coming into terms with the problem that has been stated in the research proposal. The putting together of information in the literature review and collection of data will enable better understanding of the problem statement and therefore, offer better chances of understanding the problem and presenting it in a clearer manner. The availble funds and personnel will be invested in coming up with high quality research questionnaires. The questionnaires form an important part of b eing able to get the necessary and required information for the study. The next eight months will be allocated to the pilot study of the survey. Longer time is allocated for this part of the survey to account for unforseen events such as harsh weather which might result in delayed dissemanation of the questionnires for the pre testing period. Questionnaires to be used in the study will also be distributed to the participants during this time. Data that will be collected will be evaluated and analyzed to give information that clearly relates to the problem statement and the research questions (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). The last six months will be filled up with presentation of the collected information. The results of the research surveys will be compiled into a report. The report made on an academic basis will be used in the academic defense of the questions that may be asked on how the economy might be affected by antitrust laws and the effects of unfair trade practices. The repor t will be used as a case study with special focus on the details of anti trust and unfair trade practices and their efffects on corporate organizations (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). Data Analysis Plan Questionnaires were administered to participants by the researchers through hand delivery and via e-mail. The primary data would be obtained from these questionnaires. A deeper study into the antitrust and unfair trade practices would be expansive so that it is not expected that it would cover all the intended material. The research survey will involve the allocation of questionnnaires to the twenty participants chosen to participate in the study via random sampling technique. The study is therefore, deductive. Assumptions of the study The antitrust and unfair trade pracitces information obtained in the study is presumed to be representative of all areas of busineses and of all industries. Limitations of the Study A lot of time is expected to be consumed in the collection of information for the literature review. The information must be from peeer reviewed sources to ensure authenticty of the research study and its content. Some of the information might not be availble to the public for example, the antitrust case about the microsoft vs US governement case concerning antitrust is availble in bits and pieces from books. A critical analysis of the case would be necessary in order to include the information in the literature review (Areeda, 2011). Conclusion This paper has discussed antitrust and unfair trade practices that have been characterized by businesses in the United States for quite some time. An example is the Enron accounting scandal that exposed some of the inflation techniques that firms use in order to make their balance sheets appear as if they are in order. This is an unethical accounting practice. Several antitrust reform laws have also been explored. From the study carried out above, the results are expected to give more information about antitrust a nd unfair trade practices that are usually carried out in organizations and from the results, a conclusion on the research survey can be made. Corporate organizations are expected to have enacted and followed policies that show that they are ethical in the way that they carry out their business activities. This is supposed to encourage better business practices and promote positive attitude and behavior from both internal and external clients. The research survey has an intention of carrying out a study and giving accurate and timely information about antitrust and unfair trade practices that are carried out by corporate organizations and how they affect the particular organization, other corporate organizations and the whole corporate image and business environment. When there is fair trade in a country, there is healthy competition among organizations. Competition encourages organizations to stay focused on serving their customers which compells them to provide high quality goods and services at the right place and the right time. Therefore, proper guideliness should be established and enacted by the government to ensure that fair trade practices are observed by competing organizations in the industry. References Allan, F. (2010). A Model of Antitrust Regulatory Strategy. New York, NY: Irvine Publishers. Areeda, P.E. (2011). Fundamentals of Antitrust Law, 4th edition. Oxford: Aspen Publishers. Cheeseman, H. (2009). The Legal Environment of Business and Online Commerce. 6th edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Clyde, W. (1997). Antitrust Policy as Corporate Welfare. New York, NY: Irvine Publishers. Dabbah, M. M. (2003). The Internationalization of Antitrust Policy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. DiLorenzo, T. J. (1985). â€Å"The Origins of Antitrust: An Interest-Group Perspective.† International Review of Law and Economics Journal, 5:73–90. Hylton, N. (2003). Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law. New York, NY: Cambridge Univ ersity Press. Posner, R. A. (2001). Antitrust Law, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S. M. (2003). Economics: Principles in action. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Tirole, J. (1989). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Massachusetts: The MIT Press. This essay on Antitrust and Unfair Trade Practices: The Dynamic Corporate Environment was written and submitted by user Valentin Sweeney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Behavioural learning theory Essays

Behavioural learning theory Essays Behavioural learning theory Essay Behavioural learning theory Essay Behavioural learning theories consist of two main forms of learning, classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning. I will briefly be looking at both types of learning and then talk about phobias and the exposure techniques used to eliminate them. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning in his experiments with dogs. Pavlov rung a bell every time he gave the dogs food and the sight of the food would make them salivate. Eventually the dogs associated the bell ringing with food, so that the bell alone would make them salivate. He explained that there are two types of reflexes, conditioned and unconditioned. Unconditioned reflexes are those that are innate whereas conditioned reflexes were acquired through conditioning. Unconditioned reflexes are based on a connection between unconditioned stimulus (US) and unconditioned response (UR). In Pavlovs experiments, the unconditioned stimulus was the dogs sight of food and the unconditioned response was the dogs salivating. Similarly, condition reflexes are based on a connection between conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR). In the experiments, the conditioned stimulus was the sound of a bell ringing while the conditioned response was salivation (Gleitman, 1995). Therefore classical conditioning is concerned with the learning of the relationship between the conditioned stimuli and the unconditioned stimuli. Pavlov also showed that the more often the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are paired together, the more the strength of the conditioned response increases. The pairing reinforces the connection and such trials are called reinforced trials. Likewise, if the unconditioned stimulus is presented without the conditioned stimulus then the conditioned response gradually weakens. This is known an unreinforced trial. This will eventually lead to extinction whereby the conditioned reaction is undone and therefore the conditioned response disappears (Gleitman, 1995). However, the conditioned response can be resurrected through reconditioning. This typically needs fewer reinforced trials to bring the conditioned response to its previous strength because there is a spontaneous recovery (i. e. he conditioned response was masked rather than abolished during extinction). Conditioned responses can be suppressed through fear, which is known as response suppression. This may be one cause of why phobias develop. For example, someone who gets bitten by a snake may develop a very intense fear (or phobia) of snakes. Instrumental conditioning (also known as operant conditioning) is a form of learning whereby a reinforcer (reward) is only given once the correct instrumental response has been performed. Edward L. Thorndike proposed a theory known as the Law of Effect. In this he explained that responses that are followed by a reward (positive reinforcement) are strengthened and responses that are followed by no reward or punishment (negative reinforcement) are weakened. This is supported by the theory of evolution. Those that choose the best responses will have a better chance of survival (Gleitman, 1995). Phobias are a type of anxiety disorder which are characterised by an intense and irrational fear of an object or situation. The sufferer is usually aware of this irrationality, but continues to be afraid. Phobic people are always preoccupied with their phobia and avoiding the particular objects or situations that frighten them. Avoiding those particular objects or situations does not always help minimise the problem. This is because most of the time, the phobia tends to extend to other similar stimulus. For example, a person who fears leopards may also fear cats, spotted objects or even parts of the city where the zoo is located (Gleitman, 1995). One mechanism which explains why phobias develop is that chance association of ideas lead to fears. For example, a child that is told that goblins come by at night may develop a fear of the dark (Locke, 1690 in Gleitman, 1995). Many modern theorists explain that phobias derive from classical conditioning, where the feared object is the conditioned stimulus. An example would be a fear of snakes after a snake bite (Wolpe, 1958 in Gleitman, 1995). This theory also explains why phobias tend to expand. If a person who is conditioned to fear a particular stimulus encounters the stimulus in a different context, then that person will be conditioned to fear the new stimuli. There are two main types of phobias, specific and social. Social phobias are a fear of embarrassment or humiliation. Examples of sufferers avoiding situations include public speaking in case they falter or eating in restaurants in case they choke on their food. These sufferers may turn to alcohol or drugs in order to give themselves more confidence. Specific phobias, on the other hand, are a fear of particular objects or events. The classical conditioning explanation doesnt explain why patients tend to be afraid of only a limited number of stimuli. Phobias of snakes, spiders and heights are particularly common whereas phobias of knives, cars and electrical equipment are rare. If classical conditioning was the cause of phobias, then fear of knives and fire would be much more common as most people have been hurt by them. An explanation for this may come from the Preparedness Theory of Phobias, which is based on evolution. The theory explains that our ancestors had a built-in predisposition to fear stimuli that were dangerous to them (like spiders and snakes). Natural selection, therefore, favoured those that were innately predisposed to learn to fear these stimuli very quickly (Seligman, 1971 in Gleitman, 1995). To support this theory, experiments have been carried out in which nonphobic subjects were shown pictures of various objects. The pictures were paired with electric shocks. It was found that the subjects more often feared the pictures of snakes and spiders than the pictures of flowers and mushrooms (i hman, Eriksson and Olofsson, 1975; i hman, Dimberg and i st, 1985 in Gleitman, 1995). However, these studies have been criticised because it is not known what prior fears the subjects had before they participated in the experiment. Some investigators have used laboratory-reared monkeys to get around this problem. Experiments showed that the monkeys who had never seen snakes before become much more easily frightened by toy snakes than by flowers. As monkeys are our simian cousins, humans come to fear some stimuli much more readily than others (Cook and Mineka, 1989 in Gleitman, 1995). Behavioural therapy is a technique used to treat mental disorders. Behavioural therapists use classical and instrumental conditioning to re-educate patients. The treatment does not look at the causes of the disorder but aims to modify the sufferers behaviour. The more specific methods used to treat phobias are known as exposure techniques, so called because the patient is exposed to the phobic stimulus as part of the therapeutic process. Exposure treatments involve extinction, in which the classically conditioned connection is removed. One technique is flooding whereby the person is immersed in the fear reflex until the fear itself fades away. A person who suffers from ophidiophobia (snake phobia) may be placed in a room full of harmless snakes until the fear is extinguished. Some phobic reactions are so strong that the flooding is done in the patients mind rather than in real life. This is known as implosion therapy. Some patients cannot handle flooding so an alternative technique that is used is systematic desensitisation (Wolpe, 1958 in Gleitman, 1995). This tries to remove any anxiety connected to various stimuli by a gradual process of counter-conditioning (Watson, 1924 in phobialist. com/treat. html) to a response incompatible with fear, usually muscular relaxation. The first stage of the therapy involves getting the patient relaxed through meditation and untensing exercises. The explanation for this is that relaxation is incompatible with feeling fearful or having anxiety and therefore the relaxation response counters the fear response. In the second stage, the patient constructs an anxiety hierarchy. Fear situations are arranged from least to most threatening. In the final step, known as desensitisation, the patient imagines each situation on the hierarchy while practising relaxation techniques, until all the situations have been dealt with successfully. Biofeedback instrumentation is often used to ensure that the patient is truly well-relaxed before going to the next higher situation in the anxiety hierarchy. Several indexes have been used in this approach including pulse rate, respiration rate and electro-dermal responses. An example of a hierarchy would be when treating snake phobias. First, the patient may imagine a ball of string and then imagine a worm and handling a worm. They will then progress to visualising a snake and finally handling a snake. When this is done and the patient is relaxed with this, the patient may then attempt to actually handle a snake in real life (Gleitman, 1995). Sometimes, this process is paired with modelling. In modelling, the patient observes others in the presence of the phobic stimulus. The models would be responding with relaxation rather than fear. This encourages the patient to imitate the models and thereby relieve their phobia. In conclusion, the behavioural learning theory uses conditioning to explain why people develop mental disorders. Therefore, behaviourists try to treat phobias by reconditioning a patient so that their conditioned response (phobic response) is changed or removed. The types of methods used to do this include flooding, implosion therapy and systematic desensitisation. There are different views as to why people develop phobias. One view is that people become conditioned to fear certain stimuli due to past experiences or hearing stories. However, this does not explain why people tend to be prone to certain kinds of phobias more than others. The biological view for phobias may give a better explanation in that due to evolution, humans have inherited fear of certain stimuli that were dangerous to our ancestors (e. g. snakes).